Transmission photometer
Pier-Electronic's transmission photometers are used in a wide range of applications, both in product analysis and in production processes.
GRUBATEC AG photometers are used in a wide range of applications, including:
- Non-contact online measurement of the proportion of individual components in liquid or gaseous substances
- Online moisture measurement in a wide range of materials
- Determination of the intensity of colorations in solutions and color changes as well as detection of red, blue or yellow tints in the visible range
- Measurement of residual organic substances in water or other liquids in the ultraviolet range
The photometers work contact-free and without affecting the material to be measured. The measurement result is available within fractions of a second (for single measurements within a few seconds). Thus, not only the fast display of the measured variables can be ensured, but also the control of the production process in automated plants can be directly influenced in order to react appropriately to the measured value.
Process measurement technology is also suitable for random and serial measurements in production-related laboratories. It contributes to significant quality improvements in production processes as well as considerable operating cost savings.
| Type | Transmission photometer | Type | Brake fluid moisture meter |
| Name | TMK 550 | Name | TMK 480 CT |
| suitable for: | Liquids and gases | suitable for: | Brake fluid |
| Light source | application specific | Light source | Tungsten lamp |
| Mass | 10 - 45 kg | Mass | 10 kg |
| Dimensions | 550 x 200 x 160 mm | Dimensions | 480 x 200 x 160 mm |
The transmission photometers from GRUBATEC AG are versatile and can be used for non-contact and online concentration determination of various components in liquids and gases.
A frequent field of application is the monitoring and online measurement of the water content in liquids. Continuous monitoring allows limit values to be set, which, if exceeded, issue a message to the control center.
The determination of other components in liquids and gases is also possible, allowing possible production or process errors to be detected. For example, the appearance of substances at the measuring point that are not otherwise found there can indicate leaks in the production processes.
The possible measuring ranges and the achievable accuracy depend on the particular measuring case, since all components of a mixture can influence each other. It is therefore important to estimate the desired measuring range in advance in order to select suitable wavelength filters.
Thanks to the fast measurement results (in fractions of a second) and the possibility to act directly on the measurement result, process measurement technology from GRUBATEC AG can contribute to both significant quality improvements and considerable operating cost savings in production processes. In the following table you will find some examples of process measurement applications that we have already been able to realize for our customers.
| Substance to be measured | Carrier substance |
Measuring range(s) |
| Acetaldehyde | Methanol | 300 ppm |
| Acetylene | Ammonia | 50 % |
| Ammonia | Hydrogen sulfide | 500 ppm |
| Ammonia | Water | 10 % |
| Aniline | Water | 100 ppm, 200 ppm |
| Aniline | Xylene | 60 % |
| Gasoline | Diesel | |
| Benzene | Nitrogen | |
| Hydrogen cyanide | Hydantoin | |
| Butyl acetate | Butanol | 100 % |
| Caprolactam | Water | 1000 ppm |
| Catechol | Butadiene | 200 ppm |
| Chlorine | Hydrogen chloride | 100 ppm, 50 % |
| Chlorine | CFC | 100 ppm |
| Chlorine | Air | 700 ppm, 2000 ppm, 1 %, 2 % |
| Chlorine | Phosgene | 100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 1%, 2%. |
| Chlorine | Nitrogen | 3 % |
| Chlorine | Trichloroethane | 500 ppm |
| Chlorine | Hydrogen | 4 % |
| Chlorine dioxide | Air | 100 ppm |
| Hydrogen chloride | Water | 100 % |
| Diketes | Acetoacetic acid | 5 % |
| Dimethylacetamide | Water | 200 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm |
| Dimethylformamide | Water | 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 2000 ppm, 5%, 10%, 70%. |
| Dinitrogen tetroxide | Nitroglycerin | 45 % |
| Dinitrogen tetroxide | Nitric acid | 2000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 20% |
| Iron hydroxide | Water | |
| Acetic acid | Butyl acetate | 3000 ppm |
| Acetic anhydride | Tetrahydrofuran | 4 %, 10 % |
| Ethylbenzene | Benzene | 90 % |
| Ethylbenzene | CFC | 15 % |
| Ethylbenzene | Styrene | 35 %, 60 % |
| Ethylene oxide | Water | 1 %, 15 % |
| Glycol ether | Butanol | 20 % |
| Carbon monoxide | Phosgene | 10 %, 20 % |
| Methanol | Toluene | 100 % |
| Methanol | Water | 2 %, 15 % |
| Methylpyrrolidone | Water | 100 ppm, 70 % |
| Sodium nitrate | Water | 1 % |
| Nitrobenzene | Aniline | 5000 ppm |
| Nitrobenzene | Water | 2000 ppm |
| Oil | Trichloroethane | 1 % |
| Kerosene oil | Carbon tetrachloride | |
| Phenol | Bromine | |
| Phenol | Cumol | 3 %, 5% |
| Phenol | Water | 1000 ppm |
| Phthalic acid | Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester | 200 ppm |
| Mercury | Air | 50 µg/m³ |
| Mercury | Water | |
| Nitric acid | Water | 1 % |
| Hydrochloric acid | Phosphorus trichloride | |
| Sulfur dioxide | Sulfuric acid | 100 ppm |
| Heavy water | Water | 500 ppm, 3000 ppm, 1 %, 2 % |
| Nitrogen dioxide | Air | 20 % |
| Nitrogen dioxide | Nitric Oxide | 200 ppm, 2000 ppm, 1 % |
| Nitrogen oxides | Sulfuric acid | 200 ppm |
| Styrene | Ethylbenzene | 2 %, 5 %, 50 %, 90 % |
| Toluene | Water | 600 ppm, 1000 ppm |
| Toluene diisocyanate | Toluene | 100 ppm |
| Water | Acetone | 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 3000 ppm, 1%, 3%, 10%, 30%. |
| Water | Acetone cyanohydrin | 1 % |
| Water | Acrylonitrile | 1 %, 20 % |
| Water | Amine | 2000 ppm, 30 % |
| Water | Ammonia | 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 5%. |
| Water | Aniline | 1000 ppm, 200 mg/l |
| Water | Brake fluid | 2500 ppm, 1%, 2%, 10% |
| Water | Butanol | 1 %, 15 % |
| Water | Buten | 10 % |
| Water | Butyl acetate | 1 % |
| Water | Caprolactam | 600 ppm, 20 % |
| Water | Chloral | 15 % |
| Water | Chlorobenzene | 100 ppm |
| Water | Chlorcyan | 2000 ppm |
| Water | Chloromethane | 300 ppm |
| Water | Cyclohexane | 2000 ppm |
| Water | Cyclohexanone oxime | 5 % |
| Water | Dichlorobenzene | 100 ppm, 200 ppm |
| Water | Dichlorobutane | 400 ppm, 600 ppm |
| Water | Dichloroethane | 100 ppm |
| Water | Dichloroethylene | 100 ppm, 200 ppm |
| Water | Dichloromethane | 500 ppm |
| Water | Dichloropropane | 200 ppm |
| Water | Diethylene glycol | 1600 ppm, 4000 ppm |
| Water | Dimethylacetamide | 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 1%. |
| Water | Dimethylamine | 1000 ppm, 1 % |
| Water | Dimethylaniline | |
| Water | Dimethylformamide | 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2 %, 10 %, 50 % |
| Water | Dimethyl succinate | 5000 ppm |
| Water | Dipropylene glycol | 300 ppm |
| Water | Developer fluid | |
| Water | Acetic acid | 2000 ppm, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 60%, 70%. |
| Water | Ethyl acetate | 200 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2 %. |
| Water | Ethanol | 1000 ppm, 3000 ppm, 2 %, 8 %, 10 % |
| Water | Ethylenediamine | 1 % |
| Water | Ethylene glycol | 100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2%, 30%. |
| Water | Ethylene oxide | 1000 ppm |
| Water | Ethylpiperazine | 3 % |
| Water | Fat | 2000 ppm, 1 % |
| Water | Isoamylether | 200 ppm |
| Water | Isopropylamine | 1 % |
| Water | Air | 10 %, 20 % |
| Water | Methacrylic acid | 300 ppm |
| Water | Methanol | 200 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1%, 5%, 30%. |
| Water | Methyl acetate | 25 %, 50 % |
| Water | Methylcyclohexane | 50 % |
| Water | Methylene chloride | 500 ppm, 2000 ppm |
| Water | Methyl ethyl ketone | 1 %, 10 % |
| Water | Methylpyrrolidone | 700 ppm, 1000 ppm |
| Water | Nitroglycerin | 5 % |
| Water | Kerosene | 100 ppm |
| Water | Phenol | 500 ppm, 5000 ppm, 8% |
| Water | Propanol | 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 20%. |
| Water | Propylene oxide | 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 5% |
| 200 ppm | ||
| Water | Flue gas | 20 g/m³ |
| Water | Nitric acid | 5000 ppm, 3 %, 5 %, 10 %, 20 % |
| Water | Hydrochloric acid | 1 % |
| Water | Sulfuric acid | 25 % |
| Water | Heavy water | 1 %, 5 % |
| Water | Silicone | 100 ppm |
| Water | Spinning solution | 3 % |
| Water | Sulfonic acids | 25 % |
| Water | Carbon tetrachloride | |
| Water | Tetrahydrofuran (THF) | 200 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 8%, 15%. |
| Water | Toluene | 400 ppm, 1000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 1%. |
| Water | Triethylene glycol | 2000 ppm |
| Water | Trimethylamine | 5000 ppm |
| Water | Trioxane | 100 ppm |
| Water | Tripropylene glycol | 300 ppm |
| Water | Vinyl acetate | 1000 ppm |
| Water | Vinyl chloride | 100 ppm, 400 ppm, 600 ppm |
| Xylene | Water | 500 ppm |
Technical data
The measuring principle
In transmission measurement, a light beam passes through the cuvette containing the material to be measured. Absorption by the material being measured causes it to be attenuated at certain wavelengths. The light beam then enters the receiver housing: here, a filter wheel selects the desired wavelengths, which are then picked up by a photodetector. After signal preamplification and processing in the evaluation unit, the measurement result is displayed. If required, other beam paths can also be supplied, for example measuring heads with periscope arms or cuvettes coupled via optical fibers.
The transmission photometers operate in the wavelength range from 200 to 4700 nm according to a special alternating light method that is characterized by a particularly high temporal constancy. As a result, many interfering influences have only a negligible effect on the measurement result.
Transmission measurement is ideally suited for online analysis of liquids and gases in both process and laboratory applications. Because in mixtures of substances individual components absorb light differently at different wavelengths, to determine a component it is only necessary to know exactly the absorption of the individual substances in a mixture in order to determine suitable measurement and reference wavelengths. The measurement of gases is also feasible in all wavelength ranges. Because of the lower density, greater layer depths are required here, depending on the existing pressure and temperature. If pressure and temperature cannot be kept constant, compensation can be made for the measurement deviations caused by this.
Our staff uses accurate spectral analysis to select the optimal wavelengths for your measurement application. These wavelengths can be in the following ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum:
| Ultraviolet (UV) | 200-400 nm |
| Visible light (VIS) | 400-700 nm |
| Near Infrared (NIR) | 700-2500 nm |
| Infrared (IR) | 2500-4700 nm |
The open measuring head design offers great advantages. Thus, the cuvette with possibly hazardous liquids or gases is freely located between the lamp and receiver housings. In the event of a leak, neither liquid nor gaseous media can enter the photometer housing. In addition, the cuvette is easily accessible for maintenance.
