Application examples - transmission photometer - liquids and gases

PIER-ELECTRONIC's transmission photometers provide process measurement technology for non-contact, on-line determination of the concentration of a specific component in liquids and gases.

GRUBATEC AG offers transmission photometers as process measurement technology to determine the concentration of a specific component in liquids and gases online and without contact. With our system you can, for example, constantly monitor the water content of a produced liquid and send a corresponding message to the control center if limit values are exceeded.

Production or process errors can also be detected if a substance occurs at the measuring point that would otherwise not be found there, for example heavy water in the secondary cooling circuit of a nuclear power plant, which would indicate a leak in the primary circuit.

It should be noted that the possible measuring range and the achievable accuracy can depend on the respective measurement case, as all components of a mixture can influence each other. A further upper limit is reached when the measurement signal reaches saturation (100% absorption at the measurement wavelength). It is therefore important to estimate the desired measuring range in advance in order to select suitable wavelength filters.

Below you will find some examples of process measurement applications that we have already successfully realized for customers with our photometers.

Substance to be measured	Carrier substance	Measuring range(s)
Acetaldehyde	Methanol	300 ppm
Acetylene	Ammonia	50 %
Ammonia	Hydrogen sulfide	500 ppm
Ammonia	Water	10 %
Aniline	Water	100 ppm, 200 ppm
Aniline	Xylene	60 %
Gasoline	Diesel
Benzene	Nitrogen
Hydrogen cyanide	Hydantoin
Butyl acetate	Butanol	100 %
Caprolactam	Water	1000 ppm
Catechol	Butadiene	200 ppm
Chlorine	Hydrogen chloride	100 ppm, 50 %
Chlorine	CFC	100 ppm
Chlorine	Air	700 ppm, 2000 ppm, 1 %, 2 %
Chlorine	Phosgene	100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 1%, 2%.
Chlorine	Nitrogen	3 %
Chlorine	Trichloroethane	500 ppm
Chlorine	Hydrogen	4 %
Chlorine dioxide	Air	100 ppm
Hydrogen chloride	Water	100 %
Diketes	Acetoacetic acid	5 %
Dimethylacetamide	Water	200 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm
Dimethylformamide	Water	100 ppm, 200 ppm, 2000 ppm, 5%, 10%, 70%.
Dinitrogen tetroxide	Nitroglycerin	45 %
Dinitrogen tetroxide	Nitric acid	2000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 20%
Iron hydroxide	Water
Acetic acid	Butyl acetate	3000 ppm
Acetic anhydride	Tetrahydrofuran	4 %, 10 %
Ethylbenzene	Benzene	90 %
Ethylbenzene	CFC	15 %
Ethylbenzene	Styrene	35 %, 60 %
Ethylene oxide	Water	1 %, 15 %
Glycol ether	Butanol	20 %
Carbon monoxide	Phosgene	10 %, 20 %
Methanol	Toluene	100 %
Methanol	Water	2 %, 15 %
Methylpyrrolidone	Water	100 ppm, 70 %
Sodium nitrate	Water	1 %
Nitrobenzene	Aniline	5000 ppm
Nitrobenzene	Water	2000 ppm
Oil	Trichloroethane	1 %
Kerosene oil	Carbon tetrachloride
Phenol	Bromine
Phenol	Cumol	3 %, 5%
Phenol	Water	1000 ppm
Phthalic acid	Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester	200 ppm
Mercury	Air	50 µg/m³
Mercury	Water
Nitric acid	Water	1 %
Hydrochloric acid	Phosphorus trichloride
Sulfur dioxide	Sulfuric acid	100 ppm
Heavy water	Water	500 ppm, 3000 ppm, 1 %, 2 %
Nitrogen dioxide	Air	20 %
Nitrogen dioxide	Nitric Oxide	200 ppm, 2000 ppm, 1 %
Nitrogen oxides	Sulfuric acid	200 ppm
Styrene	Ethylbenzene	2 %, 5 %, 50 %, 90 %
Toluene	Water	600 ppm, 1000 ppm
Toluene diisocyanate	Toluene	100 ppm
Water	Acetone	500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 3000 ppm, 1%, 3%, 10%, 30%.
Water	Acetone cyanohydrin	1 %
Water	Acrylonitrile	1 %, 20 %
Water	Amine	2000 ppm, 30 %
Water	Ammonia	500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 5%.
Water	Aniline	1000 ppm, 200 mg/l
Water	Brake fluid	2500 ppm, 1%, 2%, 10%
Water	Butanol	1 %, 15 %
Water	Buten	10 %
Water	Butyl acetate	1 %
Water	Caprolactam	600 ppm, 20 %
Water	Chloral	15 %
Water	Chlorobenzene	100 ppm
Water	Chlorcyan	2000 ppm
Water	Chloromethane	300 ppm
Water	Cyclohexane	2000 ppm
Water	Cyclohexanone oxime	5 %
Water	Dichlorobenzene	100 ppm, 200 ppm
Water	Dichlorobutane	400 ppm, 600 ppm
Water	Dichloroethane	100 ppm
Water	Dichloroethylene	100 ppm, 200 ppm
Water	Dichloromethane	500 ppm
Water	Dichloropropane	200 ppm
Water	Diethylene glycol	1600 ppm, 4000 ppm
Water	Dimethylacetamide	500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 1%.
Water	Dimethylamine	1000 ppm, 1 %
Water	Dimethylaniline
Water	Dimethylformamide	500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2 %, 10 %, 50 %
Water	Dimethyl succinate	5000 ppm
Water	Dipropylene glycol	300 ppm
Water	Developer fluid
Water	Acetic acid	2000 ppm, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 60%, 70%.
Water	Ethyl acetate	200 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2 %.
Water	Ethanol	1000 ppm, 3000 ppm, 2 %, 8 %, 10 %
Water	Ethylenediamine	1 %
Water	Ethylene glycol	100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2%, 30%.
Water	Ethylene oxide	1000 ppm
Water	Ethylpiperazine	3 %
Water	Fat	2000 ppm, 1 %
Water	Isoamylether	200 ppm
Water	Isopropylamine	1 %
Water	Air	10 %, 20 %
Water	Methacrylic acid	300 ppm
Water	Methanol	200 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1%, 5%, 30%.
Water	Methyl acetate	25 %, 50 %
Water	Methylcyclohexane	50 %
Water	Methylene chloride	500 ppm, 2000 ppm
Water	Methyl ethyl ketone	1 %, 10 %
Water	Methylpyrrolidone	700 ppm, 1000 ppm
Water	Nitroglycerin	5 %
Water	Kerosene	100 ppm
Water	Phenol	500 ppm, 5000 ppm, 8%
Water	Propanol	1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 20%.
Water	Propylene oxide	100 ppm, 200 ppm, 5%
		200 ppm
Water	Flue gas	20 g/m³
Water	Nitric acid	5000 ppm, 3 %, 5 %, 10 %, 20 %
Water	Hydrochloric acid	1 %
Water	Sulfuric acid	25 %
Water	Heavy water	1 %, 5 %
Water	Silicone	100 ppm
Water	Spinning solution	3 %
Water	Sulfonic acids	25 %
Water	Carbon tetrachloride
Water	Tetrahydrofuran (THF)	200 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 8%, 15%.
Water	Toluene	400 ppm, 1000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 1%.
Water	Triethylene glycol	2000 ppm
Water	Trimethylamine	5000 ppm
Water	Trioxane	100 ppm
Water	Tripropylene glycol	300 ppm
Water	Vinyl acetate	1000 ppm
Water	Vinyl chloride	100 ppm, 400 ppm, 600 ppm
Xylene	Water	500 ppm